After figuring in jewelry throughout the ancient world in Egypt, Greece, and Rome, the serpent all but disappeared from Western jewelry until the late 18th century, when science hand advanced against superstition, and fascinating archaeological discoveries brought the motif to the forefront again. Explorations of the serpent in high French jewelry of the early 19th century were frequent, and occasionally loaded with symbolism that may have carried sociological and political meaning. Though most often associated with English jewelry due to the serpent's significance to Queen Victoria and, later, Queen Alexandra, illustrations from Henri Vever's French Jewellery of the Nineteenth Century demonstrate that French jewelers also favored the motif throughout the period. The serpent appears as a complex and elegant artistic form in design drawings from the Boucheron archives into the 1870s.